The History of Yogyakarta

Sejarah Yogyakarta
The History of Yogyakarta

Yogyakarta was founded in 1755 and was the capital of Mataram kingdom when the Dutch came along. The Dutch granted the kings by title Sultan of Yogyakarta territory. Yogyakarta was also the scene of Indonesia's most successful rebellions against the Dutch - firstly with Prince Diponegoro who waged a holy war against colonial rule from 1825 to 1830, and also serving as the capital of the newly independent republic after World War II when the Dutch reoccupied Batavia (Jakarta).
People have lived in Central Java and Yogyakarta area since immemorial time as over the centuries they have been attracted by the rich soil caused by the numerous volcanic eruptions. The earliest recorded history dares from the 9th century and was dominated by Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms that gave rise to the magnificent temples such as Prambanan, Ratu Boko, Kalasan, Sambisari and Borobudur found in this area. Yogyakarta itself dates back to the 18th century. In the early 18th century, Pakubuwono II ruled the Muslim Mataram Kingdom of the time. After he passed away, there was a conflict between his son and his brother, which was encouraged by the Dutch who were trying to colonize the region on a 'divide and rule' basis.

The Kingdom was divided into two regions namely Surakarta Hadiningrat kingdom under Sunan Pakubuwono III rule, and Nyayogyakarta Hadiningrat kingdom under Sultan Hamengku Buwono I rule. He was the founder of the present line of Sultans who still live in the Kraton and play important role in Javanese culture. The second kingdom was later called Yogyakarta, now better known as Yogyakarta.

After the independence of the Republic of Indonesia was proclaimed, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII launched a statement that the Kasultanan and Kadipaten (the two royal regions), belonged to Republic of Indonesia as a part of the whole area of Indonesia Republic. Since then, it has been known as Yogyakarta Special Region and was given a provincial status in 1950 in recognition of its important role in it fighting for the independence.

Dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Yogyakarta berdiri pada tahun 1755 dan merupakan ibu kota kerajaan Mataram saat Belanda datang.Raja-raja Yogyakarta memliki gelar Sultan. Yogyakarta menjadi pemberontak terhebat dimasa perlawanan melwan penjajah Belanda- dahulu terkenal dengan Perang Diponegoro, perang yang dipimpin Pangeran Diponegoro mengobarkan perang suci melawan kekuasaan kolonial 1825-1830, dan juga pernah menjadi ibukota Negara Republik Indonesia yang baru merdeka setelah Perang Dunia II ketika Belanda menyerang Batavia (Jakarta).

Orang-orang yang tinggal di daerah Jawa Tengah dan Yogyakarta sejak jaman dahulu selama berabad-abad tertarik pada kesuburan tanah dan kekayaan alam yang disebabkan oleh letusan gunung berapi . Para Ahli sejarah awal mencatat dari abad ke-9 sistem kepercayaan Yogyakarta didominasi oleh kerajaan Hindu dan Budha yang terlihat pada candi megah seperti Prambanan, Ratu Boko, Kalasan, Sambisari dan Borobudur ditemukan di daerah Yogyakarta. Pada awal abad 18, Paku Buwono II memerintah Kerajaan Islam Mataram saat itu. Setelah ia meninggal dunia, ada konflik antara anaknya dan saudaranya, yang diadu domba oleh Belanda yang mencoba menjajah wilayah mencoba 'memecah belah pemerintahan..

Kerajaan dibagi menjadi dua wilayah yaitu Kerajaan Surakarta Hadiningrat di bawah pemerintahan Sunan Pakubuwono III, dan Nyayogyakarta disebut kerajaan Hadiningrat di bawah pimpinan Sultan Hamengku Buwono I. Setelah kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia diproklamasikan, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX dan Sri Paku Alam VIII meluncurkan pernyataan bahwa Kasultanan dan Kadipaten (dua wilayah kerajaan), milik Republik Indonesia sebagai bagian dari seluruh wilayah Republik Indonesia . Sejak itu, telah dikenal sebagai Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan diberi status provinsi pada tahun 1950 sebagai pengakuan atas peran penting di dalamnya berjuang untuk kemerdekaan.

Sumber : http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/yogyakarta/history.html
Diterjemahkan Oleh : Arum Yunita M .